Country guides
Asia
Electricity
The electrical current is 220 volts at 50Hz, with standard European two-pin plugs (Type C and Type F).
Language
Kazakh is the state language, and is spoken by most people in Kazakhstan. Russian is widely used in business, government and everyday communication between different groups.
Money
The official currency is the Kazakhstani tenge (KZT), which is divided into 100 tiyin, though tiyin coins are no longer commonly used. ATMs are widely available, and major international credit cards such as Visa and Mastercard are generally accepted in central hotels, shops and restaurants. Mobile payment options such as Apple Pay and Google Pay are also accepted in many places in major cities, but travellers should still carry some cash or a physical card for smaller towns or establishments that don't support contactless payments.
Tipping
Tipping in Kazakhstan isn't a strong tradition, as most restaurants and hotels include a service charge, usually around 10 to 20 percent. That said, tipping is becoming more common in bigger cities and upscale places. Leaving a small tip of about five to 10 percent is appreciated for good service. Taxi fares are typically fixed or app-based, and drivers generally don't expect tips, though rounding up is a polite gesture.
Health
Travellers arriving from countries where yellow fever is present need to show proof of vaccination. It's also a good idea to be protected against hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and to make sure measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) shots are up to date. Medical care in Kazakhstan can be more limited outside major cities, so visitors should bring any essential medications, along with a note from a doctor explaining what they're carrying and why. Doctors and hospitals may ask for payment in cash, even if visitors have travel insurance.
Safety
Kazakhstan is generally a safe and welcoming country, and most visits are trouble-free. As in any destination, it's wise to stay alert to petty crime such as pickpocketing, especially in crowded areas. While interactions with police are usually routine, travellers should carry copies of their passport and visa and know their rights. It's also best to stay aware when out at night, particularly around clubs and bars. Locals are known for their hospitality, and visitors are typically treated with warmth and respect.
Local customs
People in Kazakhstan are known for their hospitality, generosity, and deep respect for elders, and politeness and warm behaviour are common in both social and business settings. That said, social norms tend to be pretty conservative, especially outside the big cities, so it's a good idea to dress modestly and be respectful. When greeting, men and women usually keep it verbal, while same-sex friends might shake hands or share a hug if they're close. Drug possession is strictly illegal and penalties can be severe. Although same-sex relationships are legal, public displays of affection between same-sex couples might not be welcomed because of conservative attitudes.
Doing business
Having an interpreter can be helpful during business meetings, especially when topics are complex. Kazakhstan's business culture tends to be quite hierarchical, so senior officials usually prefer meeting people of similar rank. Meetings often start with a handshake and some polite small talk before getting down to business. In formal settings, people are usually addressed by their first name and patronymic.
Business dress is generally formal, with men wearing suits, and women choosing professional dresses or suits. Even at informal events, smart attire is appreciated. Exchanging small gifts such as pens or books is common at first meetings. Business cards are widely used and often printed in Russian and English.
Though many Kazakhs identify as Muslim, Kazakhstan is secular, and prayer breaks aren't usually part of the workday.
Duty free
Travellers arriving by air can bring personal items worth up to €10,000 (and weighing up to 50 kg) duty-free; those arriving by land, rail, or on foot have a limit of €500 (and up to 25 kg). Allowances include up to 3 litres of alcoholic beverages (for travellers over 18), 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or up to 250 g of tobacco, and a reasonable amount of perfume for personal use.
Communications
The international dialing code for Kazakhstan is +7. Affordable prepaid SIM cards are widely available and make it easy to stay connected both locally and internationally. Free WiFi can be found in many cafes, restaurants, and hotels in major towns and cities.
Passport & Visa
Many travellers can now enter Kazakhstan without a visa for short stays, though some nationalities still need one, especially for longer visits. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if visitors are arriving from a country with a risk of transmission. Travellers would be wise to ensure their passport is valid for at least six months beyond their planned departure. For the most up‑to‑date entry details, it's best to check official government sources, as travel agents don't always have the latest information.
Entry requirements
US citizens must have a passport that is valid on arrival in Kazakhstan. No visa is required for stays of up to 30 days.
British citizens must have a passport that is valid on arrival in Kazakhstan. No visa is required for stays of up to 30 days.
Canadian citizens must have a passport that is valid on arrival in Kazakhstan. No visa is required for stays of up to 30 days. A visa is required for longer visits.
Australian citizens must have a passport that is valid on arrival in Kazakhstan. No visa is required for stays of up to 30 days. A visa is required for longer visits.
South African citizens must have a passport that is valid on arrival in Kazakhstan. A visa is required for all visits.
Irish citizens must have a passport that is valid on arrival in Kazakhstan. No visa is required for stays of up to 30 days. A visa is required for longer visits.
New Zealand citizens must have a passport that is valid on arrival in Kazakhstan. No visa is required for stays of up to 30 days. A visa is required for longer visits.